![Women working at a laundry site at Ch'onggye Stream, circa 1930s.](https://i0.wp.com/openrivers.lib.umn.edu/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/cheonggyecheon-2b-e1667843260364.jpg?fit=330%2C202&ssl=1)
Women and Urban Waterways in Korean Modernist Literature
Pak T’ae-wŏn’s 1938 modernist novel Scenes from Ch’ŏnggye Stream (Ch’ŏnbyŏn p’unggyŏng, 천변풍경) is one thought-provoking example of these human-environment relationships in literature. Scenes from Ch’ŏnggye Stream provides an intimate portrayal of ordinary life for lower-class Koreans living along the Ch’ŏnggye Stream in a rapidly urbanizing and modernizing 1930s Seoul under Japanese occupation; it reveals how environmental, social, and political factors can mingle together to influence urban river environments and culture.